2 Samuel 19:2

Authorized King James Version

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And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people: for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for his son.

Original Language Analysis

וַתְּהִ֨י H1961
וַתְּהִ֨י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 17
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה And the victory H8668
הַתְּשֻׁעָ֜ה And the victory
Strong's: H8668
Word #: 2 of 17
rescue (literal or figurative, persons, national or spiritual)
בַּיּ֤וֹם that day H3117
בַּיּ֤וֹם that day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 3 of 17
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַה֛וּא H1931
הַה֛וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 4 of 17
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
לְאֵ֖בֶל was turned into mourning H60
לְאֵ֖בֶל was turned into mourning
Strong's: H60
Word #: 5 of 17
lamentation
לְכָל H3605
לְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 17
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֗ם for the people H5971
הָעָ֗ם for the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 7 of 17
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 17
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שָׁמַ֣ע heard H8085
שָׁמַ֣ע heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 9 of 17
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
הָעָ֗ם for the people H5971
הָעָ֗ם for the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 10 of 17
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
בַּיּ֤וֹם that day H3117
בַּיּ֤וֹם that day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 11 of 17
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַהוּא֙ H1931
הַהוּא֙
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 12 of 17
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
לֵאמֹ֔ר say H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 13 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
נֶֽעֱצַ֥ב was grieved H6087
נֶֽעֱצַ֥ב was grieved
Strong's: H6087
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, to carve, i.e., fabricate or fashion
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ how the king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ how the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 15 of 17
a king
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 16 of 17
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּנֽוֹ׃ for his son H1121
בְּנֽוֹ׃ for his son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 17 of 17
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

Analysis & Commentary

And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto all the people: for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for his son.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Return, emphasizing restoration, leadership wisdom. David's return to Jerusalem requires political wisdom as he navigates competing factions. His restoration of enemies (Shimei) and reward of supporters demonstrates leadership discernment. Theological themes include wise leadership during restoration, the complexity of post-crisis reconciliation, balancing justice and mercy, and the necessity of moving forward despite ongoing tensions.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 19 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding restoration, leadership wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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